Fatwa: # 22930
Category: Slaughter
Country: India
Date: 24th October 2012

Title

Can I substitute Qurbani with charity?

Question

I would like to ask, my husband and I have been doing Qurbani for many years now and this year we decided to contribute the money to an upcoming madrassah that my daughter goes to which only started in our area last year. There was never a madrassah in our area before and we thought that perhaps the money can be used for renovation, furniture, kitaabs etc.

I have had many comments from family members saying that I should have done Qurbani as there is more sawaab. I know that I have done the right thing but just wanted your opinion.

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykumwa-rahmatullāhiwa-barakātuh.

If Qurbani is wajib upon a person during the days of Qurbani, it cannot be substituted by any other act of worship such as charity. Just as Salah cannot be the substitute of fasting; they are two separate acts of worship.[1].  The act of slaughter is Wajib.

However, if the days of Qurbani have passed, and the Qurbani was not offered due to ignorance, negligence or for some other reason, then it becomes Wajib to give in Sadaqah the value of the Qurbani animal.

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

_______

[1] بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (5/ 66) - دار الكتب العلمية

(ومنها) أن لا يقوم غيرها مقامها حتى لو تصدق بعين الشاة أو قيمتها في الوقت لا يجزيه عن الأضحية؛ لأن الوجوب تعلق بالإراقة والأصل أن الوجوب إذا تعلق بفعل معين أنه لا يقوم غيره مقامه كما في الصلاة والصوم وغيرهما،

 

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (6/ 313) - دار الفكر-بيروت

(فَتَجِبُ) التَّضْحِيَةُ: أَيْ إرَاقَةُ الدَّمِ مِنْ النَّعَمِ عَمَلًا لَا اعْتِقَادًا

•---------------------------------•

[رد المحتار]

(قَوْلُهُ وَرُكْنُهَا ذَبْحُ إلَخْ) لِأَنَّ رُكْنَ الشَّيْءِ مَا يَقُومُ بِهِ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءِ وَالْأُضْحِيَّةَ إنَّمَا تَقُومُ بِهَذَا الْفِعْلِ فَكَانَ رُكْنًا نِهَايَةٌ (قَوْلُهُ فَيُكْرَهُ ذَبْحُ دَجَاجَةٍ وَدِيكٍ إلَخْ) أَيْ بِنِيَّةِ الْأُضْحِيَّةِ وَالْكَرَاهَةُ تَحْرِيمِيَّةٌ كَمَا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ التَّعْلِيلُ ط، وَهَذَا فِيمَنْ لَا أُضْحِيَّةَ عَلَيْهِ وَإِلَّا فَالْأَمْرُ أَظْهَرُ
... (قَوْلُهُ فَتَجِبُ التَّضْحِيَةُ) إسْنَادُ الْوُجُوبِ إلَى الْفِعْلِ أَوْلَى مِنْ إسْنَادِهِ إلَى الْعَيْنِ كَالْأُضْحِيَّةِ كَمَا فَعَلَهُ الْقُدُورِيُّ ط. وَالْوُجُوبُ هُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَمُحَمَّدٍ وَزُفَرَ وَالْحَسَنِ وَإِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ. وَعَنْهُ أَنَّهَا سُنَّةٌ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ هِدَايَةٌ، وَالْأَدِلَّةُ فِي الْمُطَوَّلَاتِ (قَوْلُهُ أَيْ إرَاقَةُ الدَّمِ) قَالَ فِي الْجَوْهَرَةِ: وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى أَنَّهَا الْإِرَاقَةُ لَوْ تَصَدَّقَ بَيْنَ الْحَيَوَانِ لَمْ يَجُزْ، وَالتَّصَدُّقُ بِلَحْمِهَا بَعْدَ الذَّبْحِ مُسْتَحَبٌّ وَلَيْسَ بِوَاجِبٍ اهـ


الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (6/ 320) - دار الفكر-بيروت

(وَلَوْ) (تُرِكَتْ التَّضْحِيَةُ وَمَضَتْ أَيَّامُهَا) (تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا حَيَّةً

•---------------------------------•

[رد المحتار]

 (قَوْلُهُ وَلَوْ تُرِكَتْ التَّضْحِيَةُ إلَخْ) شُرُوعٌ فِي بَيَانِ قَضَاءِ الْأُضْحِيَّةِ إذَا فَاتَتْ عَنْ وَقْتِهَا فَإِنَّهَا مَضْمُونَةٌ بِالْقَضَاءِ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ كَمَا فِي الْبَدَائِعِ(قَوْلُهُ وَمَضَتْ أَيَّامُهَا إلَخْ) قَيَّدَ بِهِ لِمَا فِي النِّهَايَةِ: إذَا وَجَبَتْ بِإِيجَابِهِ صَرِيحًا أَوْ بِالشِّرَاءِ لَهَا، فَإِنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِعَيْنِهَا فِي أَيَّامِهَا فَعَلَيْهِ مِثْلُهَا مَكَانَهَا، لِأَنَّ الْوَاجِبَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِرَاقَةُ وَإِنَّمَا يَنْتَقِلُ إلَى الصَّدَقَةِ إذَا وَقَعَ الْيَأْسُ عَنْ التَّضْحِيَةِ بِمُضِيِّ أَيَّامِهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِ مِثْلَهَا حَتَّى مَضَتْ أَيَّامُهَا تَصَدَّقَ بِقِيمَتِهَا، لِأَنَّ الْإِرَاقَةَ إنَّمَا عُرِفَتْ قُرْبَةً فِي زَمَانٍ مَخْصُوصٍ وَلَا تُجْزِيه الصَّدَقَةُ الْأُولَى عَمَّا يَلْزَمُهُ بَعْدُ لِأَنَّهَا قَبْلَ سَبَبِ الْوُجُوبِ اهـ (قَوْلُهُ تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا حَيَّةً) لِوُقُوعِ الْيَأْسِ عَنْ التَّقَرُّبِ بِالْإِرَاقَةِ، وَإِنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِقِيمَتِهَا أَجْزَأَهُ أَيْضًا لِأَنَّ الْوَاجِبَ هُنَا التَّصَدُّقُ بِعَيْنِهَا وَهَذَا مِثْلُهُ فِيمَا هُوَ الْمَقْصُودُ اهـ ذَخِيرَةٌ 

 

فتاوى محمودية، (17/309)  - ادارة الفاروق

فتاوی دار العلوم زکریا (435/6) - زمزم

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